15th Century

1417 ---------- Great Schism ends (during the Great Schism, there were 3 popes at one time, each vehemently excomunicating the other and declaring the others as heretics, devils, pretenders, etc etc.... :-) its pretty funny actually )
1440 ---------- Platonic Academy founded in Florence
1440 ---------- Johann Gutenberg invents printing from movable type
1449 ---------- Birth of Lorenzo de' Medici.
1450 ---------- Mercenary leader, Francesco Sforza, seizes power in Milan.
1451-1481 ----- Mohammed II, the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan
1452-1519 ----- Leonardo da Vinci
1453 ---------- Constantinople falls to the Turks
1455 ---------- Gutenberg Bible printed
1455-1485 ----- Wars of the Roses <----------<<< this is us BTW
1461-1483 ----- Louis XI rules France
1469 ---------- Marsilio Ficino publishes Theologia Platonica
1469-1492 ----- Lorenzo de' Medici ("the Magnificent") rules Florence.
1471-1484 ----- Pontificate of Sixtus IV
1475-1564 ----- Michelangelo Buonarroti
1476 ---------- William Caxton sets up printing press at Westminster
1478 ---------- Spanish Inquisition persecutes Jews, Muslims, and heretics.
1480 ---------- Lodovico Sforza seizes power in Milan.
1482 ---------- First great Renaissance villa is built for Pope Leo X
1483-1520 ----- Raphael Santi
1483 ---------- Martin Luther born.
1484 ---------- Bull condemns withcraft. Inquisitors sent to Germany
1485 ---------- Battle of Bosworth Field
1485-1495 ----- Ivan III brings Italian architects to Moscow t
1485 ---------- Botticelli paints The Birth of Venus

Source:
History 254, RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION CHRONOLOGY

Pontifs were representatives of Jesus Christ on earth and were believed to hold the power to send a man to heaven or condemn a man to hell for eternity. The Catholic Church held sway over chrisendom and did not tolerate competition.

Eugene IV (1431-47)
Nicholas V (1447-55)
Callistus III (1445-58)
Pius II (1458-64)
Paul II (1464-71)
Sixtus IV (1471-84)
Innocent VIII (1484-92)
Alexander VI (1492-1503)

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